Would you like to establish an efficient composting system? Learn how to get started and which waste you can safely add to your compost pile.
Why Compost?
Composting is one of the simplest and most effective ways to reduce household waste and improve soil quality at the same time. Instead of throwing organic waste away, composting transforms it into valuable, nutrient-rich humus that feeds plants and revitalizes the soil.
Compost plays an important role in enhancing soil quality and supporting soil health.
By adding compost, you increase the organic matter content in the soil, which boosts the activity of beneficial microorganisms. These help break down and convert nutrients into forms that plants can absorb more easily, leading to better growth and greater resilience. Composting also enables sustainable recycling of kitchen and garden waste – an essential step toward eco-friendly gardening.
Benefits of Composting:
- reduces household waste
- provides natural, chemical-free fertilizer
- improves soil structure and fertility
- increases soil’s ability to retain moisture
- reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers
Where to Place a Compost Bin?
The ideal spot for a compost bin is a semi-shaded area in the garden, protected from strong winds and intense sunlight. The compost should be in direct contact with the ground (not placed on concrete or asphalt), allowing microorganisms and earthworms to enter and assist in decomposition.
Tip: If you have a small garden or live in an apartment, consider a balcony compost bin or an indoor bokashi system.
How to Build a Compost Pile
To compost successfully, you need the right balance of “green” and “brown” materials.
- Green materials are nitrogen-rich: fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, tea bags, grass clippings, plant waste.
- Brown materials are carbon-rich: dry leaves, straw, paper towels, cardboard, sawdust (from untreated wood).
A recommended ratio is about 2–3 parts brown to 1 part green material.
Step-by-step instructions:
- Start with a layer of coarse brown material (branches, straw) to allow airflow.
- Alternate layers of green and brown organic matter.
- Turn the compost occasionally to provide oxygen.
- Keep the pile moist, like a wrung-out sponge – not too wet.
What to Compost – and What Not to Compost
You can compost:
- fruit and vegetable peels and scraps
- coffee filters and tea bags (plastic-free)
- eggshells
- paper towels
- plant clippings and grass
- leaves, cardboard, sawdust
Do not compost:
- meat, fish, dairy (they attract pests)
- oils or cooked food
- diseased plants
- cat or dog waste
- glossy or plastic-coated paper
The Role of Microorganisms and Earthworms
Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi – along with larger decomposers such as earthworms – play a key role in breaking down organic matter. Their activity enables natural decomposition without the need for additives.
Tip: If your compost pile is cold or breaking down too slowly, add more green material and turn it with a garden fork to aerate.
How Do You Know When Compost is Ready?
Mature compost:
- has a uniform dark color
- smells earthy and pleasant
- contains no recognizable food or plant scraps
Use: Apply mature compost as mulch, mix it into garden soil, or use it when planting seedlings.
You Can Build Your Own Compost Bin
A compost bin can easily be made from pallets, wood, or other materials – what matters most is good airflow and easy access for turning the pile.
There’s no need to buy expensive containers; the primary purpose of a compost bin is simply to contain the materials. Make sure it’s placed on a level, well-draining surface in a location with a balance of sun and shade – this promotes decomposition.
Did You Know Composting Isn’t a New Practice?
As far back as Ancient Rome, Pliny the Elder wrote about compost heaps as a way to improve soil. Traditionally, compost piles were left for about a year before being used in the garden – a low-effort but slow process. Today, industrial composting methods aim to speed things up by shredding materials, controlling moisture levels, and managing the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio.
Still, many scientists point out that nature has its own pace – and good compost still takes time.
Setting up a compost bin is a simple step toward a more sustainable lifestyle. It helps you reduce waste, improve your soil, and create a closed-loop system that benefits both you and the environment. Whether you have a large garden or just a small terrace – with a little effort, anyone can compost.
Sources:
www.bhg.com
www.environment.sa.gov.au
www.thekitchn.com
